TRANSFORMASI PEMBAHARUAN ISLAM DI INDONESIA: MENELUSURI HISTORISITAS, PERJUANGAN, DAN AKSELERASI GERAKAN DAKWAH MUHAMMADIYAH

Abstract

Muhammadiyah is the largest and most influential modernist Islamic organization in Indonesia, founded in 1912. The movement emerged from the critical awareness of Kiai Haji Ahmad Dahlan regarding the backwardness of the Muslim community in the fields of education, social life, economy, and religious practice. Upholding the spirit of tajdid (renewal), Muhammadiyah integrates Islamic values with rationality, scientific knowledge, and modern social praxis through the development of education, healthcare, philanthropy, and humanitarian services. This article aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the historical foundations of Muhammadiyah, the ideological construction of Islam Berkemajuan (Progressive Islam), and the transformation of its organizational social roles in responding to contemporary and global challenges. Using a qualitative historical descriptive approach with thematic analysis, the study demonstrates that Muhammadiyah functions not only as a national Islamic reform movement but also holds strategic potential as a model of moderate and progressive Islam in the global context. The novelty of this article lies in its historical-ideological synthesis of Muhammadiyah by positioning Islam Berkemajuan as an adaptive framework for engaging with the dynamics of modernity and globalization.